Zoom In 3
Zoom-in 3: The ethnic cleansing campaign in North Gaza,
October-November 2024
Last
updated:[1]
Nov. 21, 2024
In October
2024, Israel began another operation in the northern part of the Gaza Strip.
Almost immediately, it became clear that this operation was qualitatively
different from those that preceded it. Israel de facto began a complete siege
of the northern Gaza, directly attacked civilians and hospitals, and attempted
to remove the local population in what was quickly recognized as ethnic
cleansing.
This
section focuses on this operation, beginning with its framing and purpose in
Israeli and international discourse, and thus providing evidence that the
events were well evident from early on. The section proceeds to examine the
siege itself, Israel’s use of starvation as a tactic of ethnic cleansing and
warfare, and the attacks on the civilian population in northern Gaza. It also
focuses on the attacks on healthcare facilities and workers in the area.
Plans, voices and media coverage
The
blueprint for this operation had long been discussed in Israel as the so-called
“Generals’ Plan”. The strongest and most vocal supporter was the former general
and former head of the National Security Council, Giora Eiland. The plan itself
proposes warning all residents in North Gaza that they would have one week to evacuate.
Those who would choose to evacuate would be supplied
food and water in a designated area. The IDF would then tighten the siege and
stop the entry of all food, water and humanitarian aid to the evacuated area,
forcing the remaining residents to surrender or starve to death (for more
details, see the section Ethnic Cleansing/Prominent voices and plans in this
document).[2] Israeli investigations revealed
that the plan was designed by other organizations such as “Tzav 9”,[3] which was
responsible for blocking aid from entering Gaza over the spring and summer of 2024 (and was sanctioned by the
US in response).[4]
Within
Israeli discourse, the plan received considerable media attention, which was
generally supportive. The plan was published by an NGO that claimed more than
1,500 IDF officers as members.[5] Already in
mid-September, Israeli media noted that IDF generals were considering the Generals’
Plan (also described as Eiland’s Plan),[6] while a
letter signed by 27 ministers and MKs (Members of the Israeli Knesset) called
upon Israel’s prime minister to formally accept it.[7] The plan
received some support in Israeli academia as well.[8] In late
September, the prime minister stated that the plan “made sense and was under
consideration”.[9]
An MK stated in early October that the plan was being executed.[10] In late October,
an Israeli settler NGO held a major event in preparation of Jewish settlements
in Gaza. The event was attended by 19 Israeli ministers and MKs.[11]
Soon after
the military operation in North Gaza began (see below), it became clear that
the Generals’ Plan, or a version of it, was being executed de facto. Israeli
media recognized this by mid-October,[12] with
indications that it was neither discussed in detail nor formally decided upon
politically.[13]
Many international voices also became aware of the plan at this point.[14] In
response, Eiland himself claimed that what was being implemented was not his
plan because the IDF began the military operation before evacuating the
civilians, which would increase casualties.[15]
Some voices
in Israeli discourse – including the Ha’aretz
editorial in late October – called for IDF soldiers to refuse to serve and
implement the plan.[16] These
voices had no obvious immediate effect on soldiers. Other Israeli voices called
for widespread action by international institutions – including sanctions – to
stop Israel. Among these was a petition signed by a few thousand Israelis who
called for “every possible sanction” on Israel to stop its attack on Gaza.[17] This, too,
had little effect. However, soon after,
Israel’s Minister of Justice called for a 20-year prison sentence for Israeli
citizens promoting sanctions against Israel.[18]
By mid-late
October there were clear indications that the operation was following a formal
plan. This was supported by Israel’s prime minister himself, who declined US
Secretary of State Anthony Blinken’s request to state publicly that Israel was
not planning to remove or starve the population in northern Gaza. Blinken warned
that not reversing Israel’s action could risk US military support.[19] In late
October, IDF generals admitted that despite reaching their military objectives
in the area, IDF forces were preventing Palestinians from returning to their
homes.[20]
International voices were similarly alarmed. A UN relief official stated that
“the entire population of North Gaza is at risk of dying”.[21]
By early
November, an IDF general explicitly stated that Palestinians would not be able
to return to their homes in Jabalya after the end of the military operation.[22] The Ha’aretz editorial stated that the IDF was
ethnically cleansing the northern part of the Gaza Strip.[23] International
voices used harsher words to voice their alarm. In a joint message, the leaders
of 15 United Nations and humanitarian organizations stated that “the situation
unfolding in North Gaza is apocalyptic” and reiterated that the entire
population in North Gaza “is at imminent risk of dying from disease, famine and
violence”.[24]
By mid-November, Israel’s Finance Minister said Israel should remain in
northern Gaza indefinitely to pressure Hamas to release its hostages.[25] A major
Israeli TV channel aired an interview with an Israeli professor who called for resettling
Gaza and explicitly agreed to ethnically cleanse up to two million Palestinians,
killing hundreds of thousands who would not leave.[26]
Siege and ethnic cleansing
The siege
On the
ground, the first step in the operation was the implementation of three nested
sieges. The overall siege on the Gaza Strip, originating in 2007 but beginning
in its current form at the beginning of the war, was tightened. During October
2024, Israel shut down almost all humanitarian aid entering Gaza. The average
entrance of 58 trucks/day in this month was the lowest since November 2023 (the
previous minimum was 113 trucks/day in Dec. 2023).[27] The amount of supplies (food, water, medical equipment) entering
was one quarter of the average of the nine preceding months of 2024 (26.4
thousand tons in October 2024 compared to 103.4).[28] These
numbers correspond to the entire Gaza Strip. They began to be reported in the Israeli
media in late October.[29]
Compounding
the overall siege, a stricter siege was placed on the northern part of the
Strip, i.e. the area north of the Netzarim Corridor, which included Gaza City
and northern Gaza. The amount of supplies and
humanitarian aid that entered this area was one fraction of the meagre amount that
entered the southern part of the Strip.[30]
The third
and tightest siege was placed on Northern Gaza – the northern-most governorate
of the Strip’s five governorates, north of Gaza City – specifically on
Jabaliya, Beit Hanoun, and Beit Lahiya. These were also the areas where the
most military force was used, as evident by many daily attacks, commonly by
airstrikes (see below). As many observers noted already in mid and late
October, no food or water entered this area for weeks.[31] Anecdotal
evidence indicates the absence of food.[32] Video
footage showed an IDF tractor destroying humanitarian aid supplies in a
warehouse in Jabaliya.[33]
Both the UN
and 39 humanitarian organizations raised the alarm regarding the situation in Northern
Gaza. The UN reported in early November that all attempts by humanitarian
organizations to deliver food to the besieged areas of Northern Gaza in October
were blocked by Israel.[34] Israel
falsely claimed that there was “no population” left in places like Beit Lahiya,
where it continued to bomb civilians for many more days.[35] Only 11
percent of coordinated aid movements to provide humanitarian assistance to
Northern Gaza were facilitated by Israel.[36] One
mission supplying humanitarian assistance was finally allowed in on November
11, but delays in movement authorization and crowded routes led to the convoy’s
reducing its size from 14 trucks to only three.[37] One aid
truck reached a school in Beit Hanoun, which was raided soon after, reportedly
killing over 20 civilians.[38]
Following
earlier precedents during the war, it was widely assumed that any changes in
the distribution of aid would require US approval. Already in mid-October, a
few weeks before the US elections, the US secretaries of state and defense issued
a letter that delineated 19 measures that required Israel’s compliance. The most
notable of these measures was allowing far more humanitarian aid into Gaza, with
the letter stating that 350 trucks should enter Gaza every day. The US
threatened to stop supplying Israel with weapons if it would not comply with
these measures within 30 days. However, Israel did not comply.[39] One month
later, a group of eight aid organizations noted that there was “non-compliance,
significant delays, or backtracking” on 15 of the 19 measures outlined in the
letter, and concluded that the situation in Northern Gaza was “in an even more
dire state today than a month ago”.[40] The aid
entering Gaza – the item that drew the most public attention on the list – was
less than one-third of the required amount (see above for more details).[41] Already
before the deadline, the US signaled that it would not
follow through on its threats.[42] The top US
official involved in the humanitarian situation in Gaza had told aid groups
that the US would not consider suspending military aid if Israel blocked food
and medicine from entering Gaza since Israel is too close an ally.[43] Following
these early indications, when the deadline did arrive, the US refrained from
action.[44]
The military operation
Israel’s
military operation into northern Gaza began on October 5, with airstrikes
killing dozens of Gazans and Israeli tanks moving in.[45] Israel
continued by planting and detonating explosive barrels in residential areas, which
destroyed dozens of homes, many uninhabited.[46] After a
few days of siege, Israel began to call upon the local civilian population to
evacuate.[47]
In parallel, orders were issued to evacuate the three remaining hospitals in northern
Gaza.[48] While some
Gazans moved south,[49] many of
them chose to stay.[50] At the
same time, multiple testimonies revealed that people who tried to evacuate were
bombed or shot at – including large families carrying white flags.[51] On some
occasions, the IDF detained people seeking to evacuate.[52] The IDF
used some detained Palestinians as human shields, forcing them to knock on
people’s doors and tell other Palestinians to evacuate.[53] By
mid-October, the UN condemned the “large number of civilian casualties” in
Israel’s operation.[54]
As part of
its attack, Israel attempted to shut down various means of support to the Gazan
population. Already on Oct. 9, the last warehouse for flour in northern Gaza
was burned in an Israeli attack.[55] The last
two bakeries in the north closed in mid-late October.[56] The local
Civil Defense units – groups of people whose role was to dig people out of the
rubble and evacuate them to hospitals – were ordered to stop working. Israel
subsequently detained some members of these units and killed others. By October
23 the local units declared that they had “completely stopped” their operations
and that civilians were left “without humanitarian services”.[57] As a
result, in many subsequent attacks, the local population was without support to
clear rubble after bombings or to evacuate the injured to hospitals, or even to
remove the dead.[58]
For several days, Israel prevented the UN Office for Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), from accessing collapsed buildings, until eventually
pointing out that there was no point in providing access anymore because the
people under the rubble would have died.[59] In
mid-October Israel also barred six medical NGOs that had operated in Gaza from
entering the Strip entirely, providing no explanation.[60]
Israel also
limited or removed other means of support to northern Gaza. This included attempts
to shut down the water supply by not allowing fuel for the local pumping
stations and desalination plant.[61] Evidence
from mid-November indicated that the IDF took over the local desalination plant
and was using it as a makeshift base.[62] The
humanitarian campaign led by the WHO to vaccinate some 120,000 children against
polio was stopped.[63] Israel
also attempted to reduce the amount of information emerging from northern Gaza,
killing some of the remaining journalists and declaring that others were
affiliated with Hamas, a move widely understood as rendering them targets.[64] At the
same time, the area experienced “severe disruptions of communications,
including internet”.[65]
The daily
bombings of northern Gaza continued throughout the operation, killing at least
hundreds of civilians. Already by late October there were daily mass casualty
events – with attacks hitting dozens to hundreds of civilians at a time – which
continued at least until late
November.[66]
On dozens of occasions, the IDF did not claim that people hit during the attacks
were affiliated with Hamas.[67] The
consequences of many attacks were filmed. However, due to the conditions of the
healthcare system, the limitations on cellular internet service, and the
absence of external journalists, the international media is dependent on the
numbers published by the Palestinian Ministry of Health and local journalists.
Estimates of the number of dead in northern Gaza have varied, yet almost all have
exceeded 1,000 in the first month.[68] The
personal tragic stories of several Palestinians demonstrate the impacts of the
attacks on the local population.[69] Video
evidence reveals improvised graveyards in the middle of urban areas such as the
Beit Lahiya market.[70]
One of the
largest attacks was on Jabalia, where over 150 civilians were killed when the
IDF bombed 11 residential apartments on the same street on Oct. 24.[71] Details of
the attack were lacking as the IDF did not allow health professionals and civil
defense teams to reach the area.[72] Another
large attack took place on October 29, when the IDF attacked a five-story
building where over 200 Palestinians were sheltering. The IDF claimed the
building was attacked because a Hamas lookout was identified on top of the
building on the previous day.[73] Eventually
about 137 were identified as dead.[74] According
to a Gaza Civil Defense spokesperson, 255 people died, while most of the others
remained under the rubble as there was no way to rescue them. Anecdotal visual
evidence from northern Gaza shows many individuals crushed under buildings. Another
attack on 17 November targeted a five-story building, killing at least 72
Palestinians.[75]
An attack near Kamal Adwan hospital on 20 November killed 66 Palestinians.[76] on 20
November Some smaller attacks also drew public attention. One video shows a
child injured in an attack – probably a rocket – lying on the street (“in
pieces”, according to the person filming from afar). Several bystanders came to
help him, and were hit by a subsequent attack.[77] Other
large attacks drew less public attention, such as an attack on a Beit Lahiya
building that killed 87 Palestinians that took place during a communications
blackout on 19 October.[78]
Attacks on
schools – as centers in which hundreds of displaced Palestinians were
sheltering after their houses had been destroyed – were common.[79] A UNICEF
report in early November found that at least 64 of 226 attacks against schools
since the beginning of the war had taken place in October 2024, and that most
of these attacks took place in the North.[80] An NGO
found dozens of attacks on schools in northern Gaza in October 2024.[81] A
substantial amount of evidence from November indicates that the pattern
continued.[82]
One local journalist noted that he witnessed a new school bombing almost every
day.[83]
In parallel
to the above, field executions of Palestinians were reported,[84] including of
Palestinians who were detained.[85] Some
civilians were killed after lining up to get water.[86] Others
died of exposure or exhaustion as they were evacuating.[87] Survivors expressed
their despair towards their reality, amidst airstrikes, destruction and lack of
supplies.[88]
According to a UN humanitarian coordinator who visited a school in northern Gaza,
the conditions of the families that sought shelter there were “unbearable”. He reported
that sewage was running everywhere and that waste was
ubiquitous, asserting, “This is not a place for humans
to survive. This is beyond imagination”.[89]
Already in
mid-October, many IDF soldiers uploaded photos showing their burning of various
buildings in Jabalia.[90] At least
twice over two days in mid-November, soldiers set afire UN schools that housed
displaced Palestinians.[91] Other IDF
soldiers spoke about establishing Jewish settlements.[92] Anecdotal
evidence starting from late October – for example of soldiers placing a mezuza
on a door in a building they resided in[93] or
printing a Jewish philosophical book[94] – suggests
that some were planning to stay in northern Gaza. Satellite imagery from
mid-November indicated that Israel was destroying buildings to create another
East-West route, this time cutting northern Gaza (Beit Hanoun, Beit Lahyia and Jabaliya) from Gaza City.[95]
Most
Israeli media paid little attention to the events on the ground. One exception
is an Israeli journalist, embedded with the IDF in Gaza, who interviewed Gazans
who were being displaced. He asked them who was responsible for their condition
and expressed approval when they blamed Hamas. The responses could be expected,
as they were surrounded by IDF soldiers. On other occasions, Israeli media
focused attention on negligible stories, such as a group of soldiers who
discovered a pelican in petrol and saved its life.[96]
The
combination of attacks, the dismantling what remained of civil society and the
use of forced displacement led many Palestinians to leave northern Gaza. Images
of Palestinians leaving northern Gaza en masse
circulated in the media and social media. In one, over 200 Palestinians were
ordered by the IDF to strip, and were then held for hours outdoors in the cold
while subjected to verbal abuse.[97] Locations
where Palestinian refugees were sheltering, such as schools, were burned, while
the refugees sheltering in them were displaced again.[98] Anecdotal
evidence shows the destitution of the refugees.[99] By early
November, the UN estimated that about 100,000-130,000 people were displaced
from northern Gaza to Gaza City, and some 50-75 thousand people remained.[100] The
number of Palestinians who left to the southern part of the Strip, beyond the
Netzarim Corridor, has been negligible as of writing.
The healthcare system
Three
hospitals remained in northern Gaza at the beginning of this period: Kamal
Adwan, Al-Awda, and the Indonesian Hospital. Their struggle to remain
operational drew some public attention. Local doctors had to perform surgeries
in the street to save lives.[101] In
mid-late October, humanitarian attempts to bring in food, fuel, blood and
medicine were denied.[102] The IDF
called upon doctors to evacuate hospitals because their lives were in danger,
as the IDF was planning to blow up the hospitals.[103] Soon
after the warnings, the IDF surrounded the hospitals,[104] and then
raided them.[105]
The IDF detained 57 medical staff of Kamal Adwan Hospital, and later released
14, shooting and injuring some as they tried to reenter the hospital.[106] At least
one unidentified individual was buried just outside the hospital’s walls (where
they were supposed to be identified)[107]. The raid
at this hospital also damaged the oxygen station, causing the deaths of at
least two infants.[108] In this
context, the WHO noted that accessing hospitals across Gaza “is getting
unbelievably harder” and that it lost connection with the hospital.[109]
Subsequent videos show the destruction in the area of
the hospital.[110]
The key
voice narrating the deterioration of the healthcare system in northern Gaza was
Kamal Adwan’s Director, Dr. Hossam Abu Safieh.[111] Already
in early October, Abu Safieh declared that he would not leave the hospital as
long as there were patients in it.[112] Abu
Safieh reported on conditions within the hospital during its siege and
invasion, and was shortly detained with other staff members during the raid in
late October. Although he was soon released, his 15-year-old son was killed the
same day.[113]
Abu Safieh stated that he and another doctor were the only ones remaining in
the hospital, together with over 145 patients who needed surgery, some of whom
were dying due to lack of treatment, and had no
supplies with which to treat the patients.[114]
For much of
October and November, Abu Safieh continued to relay daily updates about the conditions
and the operating of his hospital. He implored the
international community to provide humanitarian aid and supplies; and to send rescue
teams to dig people out of the rubble, and doctors to help treat the many
patients. Notably, Abu Safieh and the only other doctor remaining in the
hospital after the raid were pediatricians, with no expertise in surgery.[115] Abu Safieh asserted that “the healthcare
system is now completely collapsed”, although the hospital continued to operate
at a reduced level.[116] Video
evidence suggested that there were no rescue services or ambulances to remove
people from the rubble, and to evacuate injured people, or shrouds to cover the
dead.[117]
By early
November, only one surgeon remained among the three hospitals in northern Gaza.[118] Again, on
multiple occasions in early November, the IDF attacked Kamal Adwan, including
direct injuries to pediatric patients.[119] One
attack caused a fire that destroyed the hospital’s water tanks, obliterating
the water supply.[120] The
hospitals were partially evacuated in early November, as some severely injured
patients were transferred to hospitals in southern Gaza.[121] Patients
requiring ventilators could not be evacuated because no ambulances with
ventilators remained in the Strip. Those patients’ lives were thus dependent on
the remaining fuel in Kamal Adwan.[122] Other
attempts to deliver supplies failed.[123]
Abu
Safieh’s subsequent updates referred to the deaths of injured patients due to
the lack of supplies,[124] the death
of people trapped under the rubble as there was no way to dig them out without
the Civil Defense units,[125] and the
deaths of more doctors in North Gaza.[126] On
several occasions he noted that those who could reach the hospital may survive,
and those that could not were left to die.[127] Abu
Safieh also spoke about attacks on the hospital itself, which injured staff
members, and recounted how quadcopters would drop “sound bombs” and other bombs
on the hospital courtyards.[128] Several
attempts to bring specialist doctors to the hospital were denied.[129]
By
mid-November, Abu Safieh began reporting on Gazans with malnutrition who
arrived at the hospital.[130] A few
days later, in the course of 24 hours the hospital received 17 cases of
malnutrition and dehydration among children while an elderly died of
dehydration.[131]
During another raid on the hospital dozens of Palestinians, including patients,
were stripped (during cold weather) and detained, and some were subsequently
taken to unknown locations.[132] Very few
resources remained, so that the hospital called local Gazans with access to any
medications to bring them to the hospital.[133] Anecdotal
evidence, reportedly from the hospital, affirms the absence of doctors and
resources, as well as the suffering of patients.[134] The
hospital continued to be attacked – including injured people right outside the
gate or Abu Safieh’s office.[135] Doctors
had to cope with the loss of their family members. Two of the doctors who
worked in Kamal Adwan lost 17 and 19 family members on consecutive days in mid November.[136]
Information
from the other two hospitals in northern Gaza was far less accessible, but
evidence collected by an early November 2024 AP investigation that spent months
gathering accounts of the raids on the three hospitals in northern Gaza
suggests similar experiences.[137]
The AP team
interviewed many witnesses but “found that Israel presented little or even no
evidence for a significant Hamas presence”.[138] In
al-Awda hospital, Israel never even claimed a Hamas presence. In the Indonesian
Hospital, the IDF claimed to have identified a tunnel entrance in the yard
using aerial photography, but after its raid showed no evidence for it and did
not reply to a question about whether any tunnels were found in its raid. The
IDF stated that Hamas used Kamal Adwan as a command center, but produced no
evidence for this, and showed footage of a single pistol allegedly found in the
facility.[139]
From all the hospitals the IDF raided since the beginning of the war, only a
single tunnel shaft has been shown (the one on al-Shifa’s grounds, see above).[140]
[1] I would like to thank an anonymous reader who commented on the Nov. 2024 version of this
document.
[2] https://x.com/bokeralmog/status/1831247052828786708
; see also https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/h1psjosnc
for additional supporters
[3] https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=430705303386981 ; https://x.com/omrimaniv/status/1847700434716160328
[4] https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-30/ty-article/.premium/a-new-low-the-israelis-advocating-to-starve-the-people-of-gaza/0000018d-5b42-d0fc-a9bd-5f5fc0740000
; sanctions: https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/b1gdos7da
; https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/14/us-imposes-sanctions-on-extremist-israeli-group-for-blocking-gaza-aid
[5] https://hamefakdim-bemiluim.org/%d7%aa%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%90%d7%9c%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%99%d7%9d/
; https://hamefakdim-bemiluim.org/%d7%90%d7%95%d7%93%d7%95%d7%aa/
[6] https://www.kan.org.il/content/kan-news/defense/799622/
; also: https://x.com/yuval_ganor/status/1848406512609231172
; https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/sjcq4s11rr
[7] https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/politics/article/16463062
[8] https://x.com/radio103fm/status/1835207918087483732?s=48
[9] https://www.kan.org.il/content/kan-news/politic/803098/
[10] https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1842878570307219842
[11] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-16/ty-article/.premium/00000192-94aa-d9c2-a7f3-9cae337a0000
; https://www.instagram.com/reel/DBZR6anA-q4/
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-21/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-af02-d049-a3db-bf76397e0000
; for the list of attendees: https://x.com/nitayp/status/1848282311281766869
[12] https://x.com/ireallyhateyou/status/1848469118363582692
; https://www.middleeasteye.net/explainers/israel-gaza-palestine-what-generals-plan
[13] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-13/ty-article/.premium/00000192-8282-de72-afba-b2d79d410000
; https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/editorial/2024-10-29/ty-article-opinion/if-it-looks-like-ethnic-cleansing-it-probably-is/00000192-da04-d91e-a9df-dbad3f940000
; https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/byuiwjajje
;
[14] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-21/ty-article/.premium/00000192-aeaf-da5c-a9b7-febf25980000
; https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y5zy1vvmlo
[15] https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1850011191281652154
. Eiland said he would have accepted a deal for the hostages. See also: https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/yokra14124023
. He also defended his plan: https://www.haaretz.co.il/opinions/2024-10-31/ty-article-opinion/.premium/00000192-e2a6-dd31-a9be-fbaf597b0000
; and
in this interview he threatened to maintain control of northern Gaza, and potentially
occupy it: https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1857291886014206402
[16] https://x.com/eranetzion/status/1848635092463132779
; https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx24ngy9g70o
; https://x.com/TomerPersico/status/1848610983670899017
(and more emphatically a couple of weeks later: https://x.com/TomerPersico/status/1854403910305505520; https://x.com/TomerPersico/status/1855858123602309152
; https://x.com/TomerPersico/status/1858035974783009228)
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/opinions/editorial-articles/2024-10-23/ty-article-opinion/00000192-b4d9-d006-a5b3-fed91a400000
; https://x.com/PeaceNowIL/status/1853430263423910399
; https://x.com/_selftitled_/status/1851698751733404138
; https://x.com/eliavl/status/1845476781576380672
. See also https://news.walla.co.il/item/3703552;
https://www.haaretz.co.il/opinions/2024-11-17/ty-article-opinion/.premium/00000193-35e5-d19b-afbb-37f5b2080000
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/opinions/2024-11-16/ty-article-opinion/.premium/00000193-2b85-d506-a5d3-2f97180e0000
[17] https://x.com/btselem/status/1848770778462060744
; https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-10-31/ty-article/.premium/haaretz-publisher-clarifies-hamas-remarks-as-netanyahu-govt-threatens-sanctions/00000192-e326-df50-a1bf-fbeef3fc0000
; see also: https://maki.org.il/en/?p=32171
; https://www.newarab.com/news/3000-israelis-call-every-possible-sanction-israel
[18] https://mondoweiss.net/2024/11/israeli-justice-minister-calls-for-20-year-prison-sentence-for-citizens-promoting-sanctions-against-the-state/
[19] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/22/blinken-israel-netanyahu-gaza-aid/,
specifically: https://x.com/eranetzion/status/1848817655115092252
[20] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-30/ty-article/.premium/00000192-dc99-dbce-a7be-ff99f45a0000
[21] https://www.commondreams.org/news/northern-gaza-risk-dying
[22] https://archive.md/0TJKW
(the tweet was later deleted); https://x.com/Doron_Kadosh/status/1853844668535955848
; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/06/palestinians-will-not-be-allowed-to-return-to-homes-in-northern-gaza-says-idf;
https://x.com/idanlandau/status/1854412734168772892
. Note that the next day the IDF distanced itself from the remarks about not
letting Gazans return: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/07/idf-israel-military-no-return-remarks-north-gaza
, see also https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-11-08/ty-article/.premium/00000193-0bb2-de12-adbb-8bf721150000
[23] https://www.haaretz.co.il/opinions/editorial-articles/2024-11-10/ty-article-opinion/00000193-11b9-d3a2-a3d7-5bf956bf0000
[24] https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/inter-agency-standing-committee/statement-principals-inter-agency-standing-committee-stop-assault-palestinians-gaza-and-those-trying
[25] https://www.timesofisrael.com/smotrich-israel-must-vow-to-stay-in-northern-gaza-forever-unless-hostages-returned/
[26] https://www.kan.org.il/content/dig/digital/p-11685/s2024/825913/
[27] Numbers are based on COGAT’s
counting: https://gaza-aid-data.gov.il/main/#AidData.
According to OCHA the number was 37 trucks/day over October: https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-12-november-2024
; the trend began already in the beginning of the month: https://www.npr.org/2024/10/18/nx-s1-5156064/north-gaza-is-starving-as-humanitarian-aid-declines
[28] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-31/ty-article/.premium/00000192-de68-d6c4-adfe-feee52230000
[29] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-31/ty-article/.premium/00000192-de68-d6c4-adfe-feee52230000
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
; https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-humanitarian-aid-military-funding-11bdf4ffd22e0f4c68b2b7b0e24bda77
[30] https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-5-november-2024
; https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-12-november-2024
[31] https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1848819280730853559
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1848810576828305645
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1851452023117660582
(a journalist on the ground in northern Gaza); https://x.com/AnasAlSharif0/status/1846626226951409921
(another journalist from northern Gaza); https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1850583598782353415
(he was outside Gaza but his family remained in northern Gaza; many died during
the military operation); https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/22/blinken-israel-netanyahu-gaza-aid/
(the first two weeks of October). See also https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-15/ty-article/.premium/00000192-8c88-d953-afbe-9fd9be790000
[32] https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/gaza-hunger-israel-restricts-aid
(see the testimony about Jabaliya); for an exceptional distribution of aid,
see: https://x.com/Stevesosebee/status/1857817939698659796
(the partner, Anera, is one of the organizations that
signed on the mid-November scorecard referred to below: https://x.com/AneraOrg/status/1856374235335123234);
little of the aid was in the North: https://x.com/AneraOrg/status/1858986152197583225
[33] https://x.com/tamerqdh/status/1856423763010584856
[34] https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-235-gaza-strip
[35] https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-humanitarian-aid-military-funding-11bdf4ffd22e0f4c68b2b7b0e24bda77
[36] https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-235-gaza-strip
(this refers to movements from the southern part of the Strip; it seems that
eight of these missions evacuated patients to hospitals outside northern Gaza).
[37] https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-237-gaza-strip
; https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-occupied-palestinian-territory-lebanon-haiti-philippines-ukraine
[38] https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1856798704939761937
; https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-army-torches-school-gazas-north-after-entry-aid-trucks
; https://x.com/ajplus/status/1857192669543268699
; https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-occupied-palestinian-territory-lebanon-haiti-philippines-ukraine
[39] https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1848819280730853559;
note that some Israeli reports stated that the prime minister ordered the IDF
to allow more aid in, but that the IDF was unable to do so: https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-11-05/ty-article/.highlight/00000192-fd09-de0c-a7db-ff4d78930000.
Israel conducted some token moves, see for example: https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-16/ty-article/.premium/00000192-94ff-d8fa-a9df-fdfff7c60000
[40] https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/12/politics/israel-gaza-humanitarian-situation-report
; https://x.com/JeremyKonyndyk/status/1856324289886130192
; https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports-briefs/scorecard-israel-fails-to-comply-with-u-s-humanitarian-access-demands-in-gaza/
[41] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-11-12/ty-article/.premium/00000193-1f8e-d76d-a7db-5fcf88ea0000
[42] https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1854626313195438140
[43] https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/16/biden-israel-arms-aid-00184028
[44] https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/12/politics/israel-gaza-humanitarian-situation-report
; https://x.com/BarakRavid/status/1856402306628989103
; https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1856729271470813497
; see details of the evasions here: https://x.com/AssalRad/status/1856421706505900405 ; https://x.com/AssalRad/status/1856409244016509192
[45] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/several-killed-israeli-air-strike-gaza-mosque-2024-10-05/
[46] https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1846483876014703073
[47] https://x.com/MSF_canada/status/1844751751624413541
[48] https://mondoweiss.net/2024/10/inside-israels-ongoing-invasion-of-jabalia-in-northern-gaza/
[49] E.g. https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/nakba-survivor-forced-to-flee-jabaliya
; https://www.kan.org.il/content/kan-news/defense/live-814626/liveid-814719/
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-22/ty-article/.premium/00000192-b047-daee-a9fb-fedfab970000;
according to the IDF, more than 5,000 Palestinians were evacuated by Oct. 20.
According to the UN, the number of displaced people was 50 thousand by Oct. 15
(https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-229-gaza-strip);
60 thousand by Oct. 22 (https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-231-gaza-strip);
71 thousand by Oct. 29 (https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-233-gaza-strip);
100 thousand by Nov. 4 (https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-235-gaza-strip);
and 100-130 thousand by Nov. 9 (https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-237-gaza-strip).
[50] https://x.com/SuppressedNws/status/1852689928695492648
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1854585378122133633
; for an example of the conditions of
those who stayed, see: https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1854253562190090316
[51] https://x.com/MSF_canada/status/1844751751624413541
; https://mondoweiss.net/2024/10/inside-israels-ongoing-invasion-of-jabalia-in-northern-gaza/
; https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/northern-gaza-kamal-adwan-hospital-director-defies-israeli-order
; https://x.com/MintPressNews/status/1844015334908703014
; https://x.com/AnasAlSharif0/status/1848333440761872705
; https://x.com/SuppressedNws/status/1848449955871994319
[52] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/24/israel-northern-gaza-humanitarian-collapse/
[53] https://mondoweiss.net/2024/10/inside-israels-ongoing-invasion-of-jabalia-in-northern-gaza/
[54] https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y5zy1vvmlo
[55] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkhYMbN17tU&t=2s
[56] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
[57] https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1849182435994427434;
[58] For example: https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1858558987513344059
[59] https://x.com/ochaopt/status/1848098727669682447
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
[60] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/18/israel-gaza-war-aid-hospitals-doctors/
[61] https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1849476686674280529
[62] https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/gaza-water-desalination-plant-israeli-base
[63] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/24/israel-gaza-strikes-jabalia-polio-vaccine-campaign-postponed
[64] https://x.com/IDF/status/1849088691450339461
; one of these journalists was later injured in an airstrike: https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1859286304854327323
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1859050248632471990
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1859034111714750788
[65] https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-235-gaza-strip
[66] https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1851832529411588266
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
; https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/07/middleeast/jabalya-gaza-israel-strike-intl/index.html
(with some specific details). For specific footage and reporting from this
period, see the following partial list: airstrikes against several family
houses on Oct. 20 (https://x.com/AnasAlSharif0/status/1847767278894608653);
Jabalia Preparatory School on Oct. 21 (https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1848351885901611428;
https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/150633);
results of an attack on the Halawa family house on Oct. 23 (https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1848843265883128050);
attacks on five homes in Beit Lahiya on Oct. 26 (https://x.com/SuppressedNws/status/1850243630575030506;
https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1850256376112594991;
https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1850268042082877891;
https://x.com/mustafabarghou1/status/1850265469481087145?s=46);
airstrikes on houses in Jabalia and a school sheltering displaced families on
Oct. 27 (https://x.com/idanlandau/status/1850589992994718195);
an airstrike west of Gaza City on Oct. 29 (https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1851738959149187466);
a four-story building with many displaced families inside on Nov. 1 (https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1852238516471648480);
airstrikes on residential buildings on Nov. 2 (https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1852547862036455896;
https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1852677911553450486;
https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1853160426877722843);
an attack near a water sanitation station on Nov. 3 (https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1853087728398725338);
airstrikes on residential buildings in Beit Lahiya on Nov. 4 (https://x.com/DmodosCutter/status/1853435319384727784;
https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1853550375673930088);
more attacks on houses in Beit Lahiya on Nov. 5 (https://x.com/SaulStaniforth/status/1853752172485218305;
https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1853847622236418257);
an attack on a family home near a mosque on Nov. 6 (https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1854100119735431538);
bombing of a school shelter and a residence on Nov. 7 (https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1854531145062642158;
https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1854547876300361769
; https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/07/middleeast/jabalya-gaza-israel-strike-intl/index.html);
airstrike on a residential house in Gaza City (https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1859352121579274713).
[67] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
[68] More than 1,200 on Oct. 31: (https://archive.md/bt9pa); over 1,500 on
Nov. 8 (https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/over-1500-palestinians-killed-in-israeli-onslaught-in-northern-gaza-health-ministry-3694089).
The IDF numbers were not far: “900 terror operatives” on Nov. 2 (https://www.timesofisrael.com/two-soldiers-killed-in-north-gaza-idf-says-900-terror-operatives-dead-in-jabalia-op/);
“1,000 terrorists killed” on Nov. 5 (https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/defense/article/16727495).
According to the OCHA, the death toll was in the hundreds, possibly over 1,000.
About 1,300 deaths were estimated by the Palestinian Civil Defense
by Nov. 5: https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-235-gaza-strip.
The Government Media Office claimed that more than 2,000 Gazans died by Nov.
12: (https://www.arab48.com/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-2023/2024/11/12/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84-38-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7)
[69] For the personal story of a poet whose
family remained in Beit Lahiya, see for example: https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1851015506716770323
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1847276685215101146
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1847484071938519257
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1847164574648201352;
https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1846914259986391468
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1850246439261147276
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1852677911553450486;
https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1854538625733800116
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1854566739939635375
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1854656474410369538
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1850891173298106456
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1851260276001148957;
https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1853105080708501626
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1855275734614327683
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1856751977767600605
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1858260298408534252
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1858299701562388914
. For a journalist’s personal tragedy: https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1854595897042083944;
https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1854598342333944270
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1854550843686531440
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1854658153087914106
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1855751832796274885
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1856157430503145907
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1856506570705678625
. For the story of another journalist’s family: https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1854403068655292467
. For more civilian casualties, see: https://x.com/Abu_Salah9/status/1852144588053451216
. See also these anecdotal stories: https://x.com/OmarHamadD/status/1855705318598078864
; https://x.com/AyaHassoun30/status/1857523402518434160
; https://x.com/ezzingaza/status/1857909049532010610
; https://x.com/OmarHamadD/status/1857858474152980830
[70] https://x.com/muhammadshehad2/status/1858951043029106973
[71] https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1849523823093109172
; https://x.com/Timesofgaza/status/1849531836092842341
; https://x.com/QudsNen/status/1849517984823304699
; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1849769737686859852
; https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1849732808333287510
; https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/150807
; https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/6522/Urgent-int%E2%80%99l-intervention-needed-to-send-rescue-teams-to-residential-block-bombed-by-Israeli-army-in-Jabalia
; https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-deadly-24-hours-underscores-urgent-need-global-intervention-yet-more-children-killed-save-children
[72] https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1849732808333287510
[73] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-30/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-de9d-d7b5-af97-ff9d2d0d0000
[74] The numbers changed over time. They quickly
reached 93 on Oct. 29, when
most reporting took place: https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1851179601390670299;
https://x.com/alonleegreen/status/1851183558653550958?s=46; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1851226593319875036;
https://x.com/ShovrimShtika/status/1851935062545064116;
https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-official-deadly-gaza-strike-targeted-spotter-wasnt-aimed-at-felling-structure/
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2024-10-30/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-de9d-d7b5-af97-ff9d2d0d0000.
The number rose to 126 identified by Nov. 2 (113: https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1852479561709093263;
125: https://x.com/OnePathNetwork/status/1852676152361623595;
126: https://x.com/gazanotice/status/1852519949987668134).
Another list from Nov. 1 included 137 people: https://x.com/IhabHassane/status/1852461589229642081
[75] https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/at-least-96-palestinians-killed-in-israeli-airstrikes-on-northern-central-gaza/3395886
; https://x.com/KhalilAsslan/status/1858035093589152245
; https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1858041776675668015
https://x.com/AnasAlSharif0/status/1858082971430818072
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1858042251806416971
; https://x.com/AnasAlSharif0/status/1858038134434345306
[76] https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/66-killed-attack-near-kamal-adwan-hospital
; https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2024/11/21/beit-lahia-gaza/
[77] https://x.com/AnasAlSharif0/status/1847352625974399346;
https://x.com/Nadav_Eyal/status/1849135512373592563
. Coverage at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/21/gaza-israel-strike-jabalya-video/
; https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rknemalejg
. For another incident, see: https://x.com/YousefHammash/status/1848685041833885972
[78] https://www.qna.org.qa/en/News-Area/News/2024-10/19/0042-73-palestinians-martyred-following-israeli-massacre-in%C2%A0beit-lahia-in-northern-gaza-strip
; https://x.com/AbuLocation/status/1858819672201691574
; https://x.com/PalinfoAr/status/1847955843234373719
[79] For examples: https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1857812218475163850;
https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1857822501830598710
; https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1857799491266449519
;
[80] https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/regular-attacks-put-gaza-schools-turned-shelters-frontlines-war
[81] https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/less-month-israeli-army-attacks-shelter-centres-39-times-displace-palestinians-and-empty-gaza-enar
[82] See for example these cases, all from mid
November: https://x.com/MiddleEastEye/status/1857468010480427383;
https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/11/12/dozens-killed-others-displaced-as-israel-continues-attacks-on-gaza
; https://x.com/AbuLocation/status/1856250030912344560
; https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2024/11/16/health-ministry-in-gaza-says-war-death-toll-at-43-799-
; https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/11/14/live-israel-bombs-gaza-camps-6-israeli-soldiers-killed-in-south-lebanon?update=3324274
; https://www.dailysabah.com/world/mid-east/israeli-strike-on-ngaza-kills-14-as-aid-remains-distant-lifeline
; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1857046066815779196
; https://www.palestinechronicle.com/massacre-in-shati-israel-bombs-school-sheltering-displaced-palestinians/
;
[83] https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1857838004619919468
[84] https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1849373431801753885
; https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1847600787901337728
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1854229496401932557
; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1856287070907502972.
[85] https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1853882898744553879
; https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1854229496401932557
[86] https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1853760310743531716
[87] https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1853876427902640403
[88] https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1857096991961985095
[89] https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-235-gaza-strip
[90] https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1847980759262384246
[91] https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1856798704939761937;
https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1857046066815779196;
see also another school that was burning after a strike: https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1857078038858531087
. For earlier examples: https://x.com/AbuLocation/status/1848119454980288647
; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1848442788620234971
[92] https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1854641685961326597
[93] https://x.com/adinitay/status/1852721404082360614
[94] This was the Tanya, a book written by the
founder of the Chabad movement. The movement aspires to print the Tanya “in
every place which has a Jewish population”, see: https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/2515469/jewish/The-Printing-of-Tanya.htm
[95] https://x.com/BenTzionMacales/status/1857875008602636546
; for example of destruction, see: https://x.com/ireallyhateyou/status/1859332541913637040
[96] https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/r1s9f11qfkl
[97] https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/29/middleeast/gaza-jabalya-palestinians-strip-photo-intl/index.html
[98] https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1856413482129748306
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1856405376079421656
; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1856287070907502972
; https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1856324650180968737
[99] https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1856280401074888779
[100] https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-237-gaza-strip;
also: https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-update-235-gaza-strip
[101] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/10/22/blinken-israel-netanyahu-gaza-aid/
[102] https://x.com/UNOCHA/status/1849072683725525242
; https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
; for a testimony of the conditions see https://x.com/AMokhallalati/status/1849082736402632878
[103] https://x.com/Ahmad_tibi/status/1848647941617057834
[104] https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/b1ohgghxjg
; https://x.com/SMohyeddin/status/1849491903034572923
(longer version at: https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1849484027478044985)
; https://x.com/SuppressedNws/status/1849567005633884650
[105] https://x.com/HossamShabat/status/1849682158387974236
[106] https://x.com/DrTedros/status/1849903588732256534
; https://www.commondreams.org/news/northern-gaza-risk-dying
; https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1849663271378297014
; https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1849803852201046070
; https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1852472357635432745;
regarding the count of 57, see https://www.972mag.com/kamal-adwan-hospital-hussam-abu-safia/;
for firing at those released: https://apnews.com/world-news/still-wrecked-from-past-israeli-raids-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-come-under-attack-again-00000192eebfd414a79fffbf88cc0000.
One of the detained doctors was involved with Doctors Without Borders, see: https://x.com/AMokhallalati/status/1849082736402632878
; https://msf.lu/en/articles/msf-alarmee-par-la-detention-du-dr-obeid-par-les-forces-israeliennes
[107] https://x.com/AbuLocation/status/1853130631250669814
[108] https://x.com/EuroMedHR/status/1850132619066855815
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1849793452768125336
; https://www.972mag.com/kamal-adwan-hospital-hussam-abu-safia/
[109] https://x.com/DrTedros/status/1849765533559746576
[110] https://x.com/RamAbdu/status/1850159665188835814
[111] See this coverage of Abu Safieh: https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1856926494812987823
[112] https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/northern-gaza-kamal-adwan-hospital-director-defies-israeli-order
[113] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1850110968249930157
; https://www.instagram.com/reel/DBlfCUmN2H3/
; https://www.972mag.com/kamal-adwan-hospital-hussam-abu-safia/
. A family member of the other doctor who remained in the hospital was killed a
few weeks later: https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1856405028816466139
[114] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1850561278948884816
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1850891173298106456
[115] https://x.com/gazanotice/status/1851262527893622978
; https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1854506337528365403
; https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1855212378335391870
; https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1856359137212240103
; for a description of the survival of 11 of 13 patients, despite doctors working
outside their fields of specialty: https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857523662435287545.
[116] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1851212348448784503
; also https://x.com/gazanotice/status/1851262527893622978
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857523662435287545
[117] https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1851260276001148957
; https://x.com/gazanotice/status/1851262527893622978
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857523662435287545
[118] https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1852434690600235131
[119] https://uk.news.yahoo.com/israel-tells-un-cutting-ties-093606959.html
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1852018347073818847
; https://x.com/SaulStaniforth/status/1853682654345875956
; https://www.972mag.com/kamal-adwan-hospital-hussam-abu-safia/
; https://x.com/SuppressedNws/status/1853465675659898905
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1853420267965468995
; https://x.com/MosabAbuToha/status/1853119264066351514
; https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1853830231259263091
[120] https://x.com/SaulStaniforth/status/1854479721876074814
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1852018347073818847
; https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1853830231259263091
[121] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
; https://www.ochaopt.org/content/gaza-humanitarian-response-update-27-october-9-november-2024
[122] https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/magazine/2024-11-04/ty-article-magazine/.premium/00000192-f14c-dec7-affa-f1dd75c60000
[123] For example: https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-occupied-palestinian-territory-lebanon-haiti-philippines-ukraine
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857850411601858948
[124] https://x.com/KhaledYousry22/status/1855611844456501489
; https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1856007165791580237
[125] https://x.com/KhaledYousry22/status/1855611844456501489
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1855860121982615882
; https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1856359137212240103
; see also: https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1855905476795306453
(6:00) ; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857523662435287545
[126] https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1856359137212240103
[127] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1855860121982615882
[128] https://x.com/translatingpal/status/1856007165791580237
[129] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857850411601858948
[130] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857523662435287545
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857850411601858948
. See also: https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857825220653994421
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1858528590297706553
.
[131] https://x.com/ytirawi/status/1859179872297382300
; https://x.com/AbujomaaGaza/status/1859190079702405379
[132] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1858944607624835210
; geolocation: https://x.com/AbuLocation/status/1858843252469772678
[133] https://x.com/ezzingaza/status/1857175646641762675
[134] https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857803828101361766
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1857624250414182465
; https://x.com/AnasAlSharif0/status/1858995226855309622
[135] https://x.com/ezzingaza/status/1857175646641762675
; https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1858905688652570662;
https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1858787051639820359
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1858548788476137917
[136] https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1858905688652570662
; https://x.com/AbubakerAbedW/status/1858502758946455815
; https://x.com/ezzingaza/status/1858599026511540389
; https://x.com/Dr_Muneer1/status/1858548788476137917
[137] AP combined information from a round of
attacks on these hospitals in late 2023, with findings of events as of early
November 2024. For example, the accounts include a nurse who said he was so dehydrated
that he began to hallucinate: https://apnews.com/world-news/still-wrecked-from-past-israeli-raids-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-come-under-attack-again-00000192eebfd414a79fffbf88cc0000
[138] https://apnews.com/world-news/still-wrecked-from-past-israeli-raids-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-come-under-attack-again-00000192eebfd414a79fffbf88cc0000
[139] https://apnews.com/world-news/still-wrecked-from-past-israeli-raids-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-come-under-attack-again-00000192eebfd414a79fffbf88cc0000
[140] https://apnews.com/world-news/still-wrecked-from-past-israeli-raids-hospitals-in-northern-gaza-come-under-attack-again-00000192eebfd414a79fffbf88cc0000